BALTIMORE, MD — The state’s first human case of West Nile virus in 2024 has been confirmed in the Baltimore metropolitan region, the Maryland Department of Health said Monday. West Nile virus is transmitted by mosquito bites and affects the nervous system.
State health officials said the patient recovered from the infection and gave no further information on where the person lives or how seriously ill they were.
West Nile is transmitted to humans via mosquitoes infected by feeding on birds that have the virus. In rare instances, the virus may be spread from person to person through organ donation, blood transfusion, breastfeeding or from pregnant mother to fetus.
Up to 80 percent of people who are infected by the virus will not show any signs of illness. However, those who have underlying health conditions could become seriously ill.
“We are in the season when the West Nile virus can spread in Maryland,” said Deputy Secretary for Public Health Services Dr. Nilesh Kalyanaraman in a news release. “We urge people to be vigilant and take steps to avoid infection and eliminate standing pools of water where mosquitoes can breed.”
West Nile virus was detected in the United States for the first time in 1999, and the number of Marylanders infected with the virus fluctuates each season. In 2023, seven Maryland residents were confirmed positive for West Nile virus infection.
While most people do not develop symptoms from this virus, some people may experience mild symptoms such as fever, headache and body aches; occasionally, a skin rash and swollen lymph glands may be noticed. These symptoms may last a few days or as long as several weeks. People who are older than 50 or have immunocompromised conditions can become seriously ill.
Here are recommendations for avoiding exposure:
- Avoid outdoor activities at dawn and dusk, when mosquitoes are most active.
- Empty any standing water and monitor your yard, clearing watering cans, clogged gutters or discarded containers.
- Wear long pants, long-sleeved shirts and hats outside.
- Use an EPA-registered insect repellent according to package directions.
The Maryland Department of Health launched a campaign last month to prevent mosquito bites, including a social media toolkit with information to educate Marylanders on protecting themselves and their homes from mosquitoes.
Rachel Carter is a health and wellness expert dedicated to helping readers lead healthier lives. With a background in nutrition, she offers evidence-based advice on fitness, nutrition, and mental well-being.
