Summary: Researchers used Game of Thrones to study how the brain recognizes faces, providing insights into prosopagnosia, a condition affecting facial recognition in 1 in 50 people.
MRI scans showed increased brain activity in regions associated with character knowledge in fans of the series, but reduced activity in those unfamiliar with the show and in prosopagnosia patients. This suggests that facial recognition relies on connecting faces with personal knowledge.
The study highlights the importance of this connection for social interactions and mental health.
Key Facts:
- Game of Thrones was used to study brain activity in recognizing familiar faces.
- Fans of the show showed increased brain activity in regions linked to character knowledge.
- People with prosopagnosia showed reduced neural connections, affecting face recognition.
Source: University of York
Psychologists have used the hit TV series Game of Thrones to understand how the brain enables us to recognise faces.
Their findings provide new insights into prosopagnosia or face blindness, a condition that impairs facial recognition and affects approximately 1 in 50 people.
The researchers scanned the brains of over 70 study participants as they watched footage from the popular TV series. Half of the participants were familiar with the show’s famously complex lead characters and the other half had never seen the series.
When lead characters appeared on screen, MRI scans showed that in neurotypical participants who were familiar with the characters, brain activity increased in regions of the brain associated with non visual knowledge about the characters, such as who they are and what we know about them.
Interestingly, connections between the visual brain and these non-visual regions were also increased in people who were familiar with Game of Thrones. However, these waves of activity were significantly reduced in the group of neurotypical participants who had never watched the series.
To determine whether these regions are important for face recognition, the researchers then repeated the study in people with prosopagnosia. As with the previous group, half had watched Game of Thrones and half had never seen the series. Consistent with their difficulty in recognising faces, the effect of familiarity was not found in the same regions of the brain found in neurotypical participants. The connections between the visual and non-visual regions were also reduced in face blindness.
Senior author of the study, Professor Tim Andrews from the Department of Psychology, said: “We were really excited to see the results of our study as they suggest that our ability to recognise faces relies on what we know about people, not just what they look like.”
“While it was believed that we recognise faces by learning their visual properties—such as features, configuration, and texture—our study indicates that it involves connecting a face with knowledge about the person, including their character traits, body language, our personal experiences with them, and our feelings towards them.
“Facial recognition is essential for daily life and social interactions. When people struggle with this, it can significantly impact their lives and relationships, often leading to mental health issues and social anxiety.
“Our research enhances the understanding of how prosopagnosia appears to be linked to reduced neural connections, making it challenging to associate faces with personal knowledge, which is crucial for recognition.”
The researchers chose to show participants footage from Game of Thrones because of its international appeal and the multitude of well-developed lead characters.
Lead author of the study and PhD student in the Department of Psychology, Kira Noad, said: “We chose to show participants footage from Game of Thrones because the series captivated people around the world with its strong characters and their deeply nuanced personalities.
“Many previous studies on the mechanisms in the brain behind facial recognition have been done in laboratory settings with 2D static images of faces. We aimed to create a study format that was more like real life, using video to show complex scenes with multiple people.
“We now need to carry out further studies to explore in more detail how activity across different regions of the brain allows us to recognise faces as well as what factors can disrupt this process.”
About this prosopagnosia research news
Author: Samantha Martin
Source: University of York
Contact: Samantha Martin – University of York
Image: The image is credited to Neuroscience News
Original Research: Closed access.
“Familiarity enhances functional connectivity between visual and non-visual regions of the brain during natural viewing” by Tim Andrews et al. Cerebral Cortex
Abstract
Familiarity enhances functional connectivity between visual and non-visual regions of the brain during natural viewing
We explored the neural correlates of familiarity with people and places using a naturalistic viewing paradigm. Neural responses were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging, while participants viewed a movie taken from Game of Thrones.
We compared inter-subject correlations and functional connectivity in participants who were either familiar or unfamiliar with the TV series. Higher inter-subject correlations were found between familiar participants in regions, beyond the visual brain, that are typically associated with the processing of semantic, episodic, and affective information.
However, familiarity also increased functional connectivity between face and scene regions in the visual brain and the nonvisual regions of the familiarity network. To determine whether these regions play an important role in face recognition, we measured responses in participants with developmental prosopagnosia (DP).
Consistent with a deficit in face recognition, the effect of familiarity was significantly attenuated across the familiarity network in DP. The effect of familiarity on functional connectivity between face regions and the familiarity network was also attenuated in DP.
These results show that the neural response to familiarity involves an extended network of brain regions and that functional connectivity between visual and nonvisual regions of the brain plays an important role in the recognition of people and places during natural viewing.
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